Comparative Bar Charts 比较条形图

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Pie Charts 饼图

饼图由于只有比例没有具体数量故不适用于作比较

Segmented bar charts 分段条形图

The bar is divided into segments, with different segments representing different categories. As with pie charts, the area of the segment for a particular category is proportional to the relative frequency for that category.

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Stem-and-Leaf Displays 茎叶图

构建步骤

观察要点

  1. 排序数据:将数据从最小到最大排序。
  2. 选择茎值:选择一个或多个前导数字作为茎,剩余数字(或仅第一个)作为叶。
  3. 列出茎值:在垂直列中列出可能的茎值。
  4. 记录叶子:在对应的茎值旁边记录每个观察值的叶子。
  5. 标明单位:在图表的某处指明茎和叶的单位。

Histograms 直方图

特征

和bar chart 的区别:no gaps between bars.

The area of the rectangle is proportional to the corresponding frequency or relative frequency.